North and South

North and South is set in the fictional industrial town of Milton in the North of England. Forced to leave her home in the tranquil rural south, Margaret Hale settles with her parents in Milton where she witnesses the brutal world wrought by the industrial revolution and employers and workers clashing in the first organized strikes. Sympathetic to the poor whose courage and tenacity she admires and among whom she makes friends, she clashes with John Thornton, a cotton mill manufacturer who belongs to the nouveaux riches and whose contemptuous attitude to workers Margaret despises.

By : Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (1810 - 1865)

01 - Ch 1 - Haste to the Wedding



02 - Ch 2 - Roses and Thorns



03 - Ch 3 - 'The More Haste the Worse Speed'



04 - Ch 4 - Doubts and Difficulties



05 - Ch 5 - Decision



06 - Ch 6 - Farewell



07 - Ch 7 - New Scenes and Faces



08 - Ch 8 - Home Sickness



09 - Ch 9 - Dressing for Tea



10 - Ch 10 - Wrought Iron and Gold



11 - Ch 11 - First Impressions



12 - Ch 12 - Morning Calls



13 - Ch 13 - A Soft Breeze in a Sultry Place



14 - Ch 14 - The Mutiny



15 - Ch 15 - Masters and Men



16 - Ch 16 - The Shadow of Death



17 - Ch 17 - What is a Strike?



18 - Ch 18 - Likes and Dislikes



19 - Ch 19 - Angel Visits



20 - Ch 20 - Men and Gentlemen



21 - Ch 21 - The Dark Night



22 - Ch 22 - A Blow and Its Consequences



23 - Ch 23 - Mistakes



24 - Ch 24 - Mistakes Cleared Up



25 - Ch 25 - Frederick



26 - Ch 26 - Mother and Son



27 - Ch 27 - Fruit-Piece



28 - Ch 28 - Comfort in Sorrow



29 - Ch 29 - A Day of Sunshine



30 - Ch 30 - Home at Last



31 - Ch 31 - 'Should Auld Acquaintance Be Forgot?'



32 - Ch 32 - Mischances



33 - Ch 33 - Peace



34 - Ch 34 - False and True



35 - Ch 35 - Expiation



36 - Ch 36 - Union Not Always Strength



37 - Ch 37 - Looking South



38 - Ch 38 - Promises Fulfilled



39 - Ch 39 - Making Friends



40 - Ch 40 - Out of Tune



41 - Ch 41 - The Journey's End



42 - Ch 42 - Alone! Alone!



43 - Ch 43 - Margaret's Flittin'



44 - Ch 44 - Ease Not Peace



45 - Ch 45 - Not All a Dream



46 - Ch 46 - Once and Now



47 - Ch 47 - Something Wanting



48 - Ch 48 - 'Ne'er To Be Found Again'



49 - Ch 49 - Breathing Tranquillity



50 - Ch 50 - Changes at Milton



51 - Ch 51 - Meeting Again



52 - Ch 52 - 'Pack Clouds Away'


Eighteen-year-old Margaret Hale lived for almost 10 years in London with her cousin Edith and her wealthy aunt Shaw, but when Edith marries Captain Lennox, Margaret happily returns home to the southern village of Helstone. Margaret has refused an offer of marriage from the captain's brother Henry, an up-and-coming barrister. Her life is turned upside down when her father, the local pastor, leaves the Church of England and the rectory of Helstone as a matter of conscience; his intellectual honesty has made him a dissenter. At the suggestion of Mr. Bell, his old friend from Oxford, he settles with his wife and daughter in Milton-Northern (where Mr. Bell was born and owns property). The industrial town in Darkshire (a textile-producing region) manufactures cotton and is in the middle of the Industrial Revolution; masters and workers are clashing in the first organised strikes.

Margaret initially finds the bustling, smoky town of Milton harsh and strange, and she is upset by its poverty. Mr. Hale (in reduced financial circumstances) works as a tutor; one of his pupils is the wealthy and influential manufacturer John Thornton, master of Marlborough Mills. From the outset, Margaret and Thornton are at odds with each other; she sees him as coarse and unfeeling, and he sees her as haughty. He is attracted to her beauty and self-assurance, however, and she begins to admire how he has risen from poverty.

During the 18 months she spends in Milton, Margaret gradually learns to appreciate the city and its hard-working people, especially Nicholas Higgins (a union representative) and his daughter Bessy, whom she befriends. Bessy is ill with byssinosis from inhaling cotton dust, which eventually kills her.

A workers' strike ensues. An outraged mob of workers breaks into Thornton's compound, where he has his home and his factory, after he imports Irish workers as replacements. Thornton sends for soldiers, but before they arrive, Margaret begs him to talk to the mob to try to avoid bloodshed. When he appears to be in danger, Margaret rushes out and shields him; she is struck by a stone. The mob disperses, and Thornton carries the unconscious Margaret indoors.

Thornton proposes; Margaret declines, unprepared for his unexpected declaration of love and offended by assumptions that her action in front of the mob meant that she cares for him. Thornton's mother, wary of Margaret's haughty ways, is galled by Margaret's rejection of her son.

Margaret's brother Frederick (who lives in exile as he is wanted for his part in a naval mutiny) secretly visits their dying mother. Thornton sees Margaret and Frederick together and assumes that he is her lover. Leonards, Frederick's shipmate, later recognises Frederick at the train station. They argue; Frederick pushes Leonards away, and Leonards dies shortly afterwards. When the police question Margaret about the scuffle she lies and says she was not present. Thornton knows that Margaret lied, but in his capacity as magistrate declares the case closed to save her from possible perjury. Margaret is humbled by his deed on her behalf; she no longer only looks down on Thornton as a hard master, and begins to recognise the depth of his character.

Nicholas, at Margaret's prodding, approaches Thornton for a job and eventually obtains one. Thornton and Higgins learn to appreciate and understand each other.

Mr. Hale visits his oldest friend, Mr. Bell, in Oxford. He dies there, and Margaret returns to live in London with Aunt Shaw. She visits Helstone with Mr. Bell and asks him to tell Thornton about Frederick, but Mr. Bell dies before he can do so. He leaves Margaret a legacy which includes Marlborough Mills and the Thornton house.

Thornton faces bankruptcy due to market fluctuations and the strike. He learns the truth about Margaret's brother from Nicholas Higgins, and comes to London to settle his business affairs with Margaret, his new landlord. When Margaret offers Thornton the loan of her money, he realises that her feelings toward him have changed, and he again proposes marriage. Since she has learned to love him, she accepts.

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